The deliverance of nutrients to the GI tract after food consumption actuates the secretion of various gut-derived mediators , including the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP-1 ) . GLP-1 receptor agonists ( GLP-1RA ) , such as exenatide and liraglutide , are currently engaged successfully in the discussion of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . GLP-1RA improve glycaemic control and stimulate satiety , runing to simplifications in food ingestion and body weight . Besides stomachal distention and peripheral vagal nerve activation , GLP-1RA induce satiation by influencing brain areas involved in the regulation of eating , and various roads of action have been proposed . This review sums the ground for a physiologic role of GLP-1 in the fundamental regularisation of feasting behavior and the different routes of action involved . we allow an overview of presently available data on pharmacologic stimulant of GLP-1 pathways toping to alterations in CNS activity , reductions in food uptake and weight loss . Seebio Dietary Supplements of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor corrects postprandial hypoglycaemia after stomachal bypass.BACKGROUND & AIMS : Postprandial glycemia jaunts increase after gastric shunt surgery ; this effect is even enceinte among patients with repeated hypoglycemia . These patients also have increased postprandial grades of insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP-1 ) . We performed a clinical trial to ascertain the role of GLP-1 in postprandial glycemia in patients with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia syndrome after stomachal bypass . Nine patients with recurrent hypoglycemia after gastric shunt ( H-GB ) , 7 patients who were symptomless after gastric bypass ( A-GB ) , and 8 healthy control submits underwent a mixed-meal tolerance test ( 350 kcal ) expending a dual glucose tracer method on 2 freestanding days . On 1 day they received continuous extract of the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin ( 9-39 ) ( Ex-9 ) , and on the former day they received a saline control . Glucose kinetics and isle and gut hormone responses were measured before and after the meal . Infusion of Ex-9 corrected hypoglycemia in all patients with H-GB . The step-down in postprandial insulin secretion by Ex-9 was nifty in the H-GB group than in the former groups ( H-GB , 50 % ± 8 % ; A-GB , 13 % ± 10 % ; controls , 14 % ± 10 % ) ( P < ) . The meal-derived glucose appearance was significantly greater in subjects who had undergone stomachic shunt compared to the controls and in the H-GB radical compared to the A-GB radical . Ex-9 shortened the time to reach peak meal-derived glucose appearance in all groups without a significant core on overall glucose flux . Postprandial glucagon levels were higher among patients who had undergone stomachal ringway than commands and increased with administration of Ex-9 . Hypoglycemia after gastric shunt can be adjusted by presidency of a GLP-1 receptor antagonist , which might be used to process this disorderliness . These findings are uniform with storys that increased GLP-1 activity contributes to hypoglycaemia after gastric bypass . ClinicalTrials . routine : NCT01803451.Glucagon-like peptide-2 reduces the obesity-associated inflammation in the brain.Growing ground suggests a link between fleshiness and neurodegeneration . The intention of the present cogitation was to search the neuroprotective potency of glucagon-like peptide-2 ( GLP-2 ) in the mentality of high fat diet ( HFD ) -fed mice . Markers of fervor and oxidative stress were studied in the wits of corpulent mice chronically regaled with [ Gly ( 2 ) ] -GLP-2 ( teduglutide ) , the static parallel of the GLP-2 , and they were compared to age-matched untreated obese and lean faunas . Neurodegeneration was examined by TUNEL check . Seebio Selenium increased the aspect of pro-inflammatory mediators ( NF-kB , IL-8 , TNF-α , IL-1β and IL-6 ) , glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) , index of gliosis and neurodegeneration , strain marker proteins ( p-ERK , Hsp60 and i-NOS ) , amyloid-β precursor protein ( APP ) . [ Gly ( 2 ) ] -GLP-2 handling importantly rarefied the HFD-induced increased expression of the various markings , as well as the high-pitched stratums of reactive O species found in brains of untreated-HFD mice .
Seebio Dietary Supplements|Seebio Selenium
